Uribia
Department
La Guajira, Colombia
Flag of the city
Slogan of the city
The slogan of the city of Uribia is “Capital Indígena de Colombia,” which translates to “Indigenous Capital of Colombia.” Situated in the department of La Guajira, Uribia holds significant cultural importance as it is home to a large population of the Wayuu people, Colombia’s largest indigenous group. This motto emphasizes Uribia’s central role in the Wayuu community and its dedication to preserving and championing Wayuu traditions, ceremonies, and cultural events. It is a reflection of the city’s deep indigenous roots and its commitment to celebrating and safeguarding its rich heritage.
History
The evangelization of the Wayuu community resumed in 1887 with the re-entry of the Capuchin monks, led by the venerable friar José María de Valdeviejas. In a move to integrate the Wayuu into the broader Colombian society, Pope Pius X established the Vicariate of La Guajira in 1905 and appointed friar Atanasio Vicente Soler y Royo as the inaugural Vicar.
Following this, the Capuchin friars established orphanages for Wayuu children. They started with the La Sierrita orphanage in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Mountains in 1903. This was succeeded by the founding of the San Antonio orphanage by the Calancala River in 1910, and the Nazareth orphanage in the Serrania de Macuira Mountains in 1913. These establishments held significant influence over various Rancherías. The monks made regular visits to these settlements to encourage attendance at mass, and they educated Wayuu orphans in European traditions. Consequently, tensions between the Wayuu and the Colombian authorities began to diminish. By 1942, the village of Uribia was commemorating occasions like Christmas and New Year’s Eve.
Uribia was formally established on March 1, 1935, by Captain Eduardo Londoño Villegas, named in tribute to the Colombian Liberal Party leader, Rafael Uribe Uribe. Before this official naming, it was known as Chitki in the Wayuu language. The primary town square was dedicated to Francisco de Paula Santander, a key figure in Colombia’s independence from Spain.
Geography
Uribia, located in the Guajira Peninsula, spans much of its northern territory, making it the northernmost municipality of South America. Geospatially, it sits approximately at a latitude of 12.0° N and a longitude of 71.3° W. The Caribbean Sea forms its northern and western perimeters, surrounding over half of the municipality’s boundary. On the east, Uribia shares a modest border with Venezuela. It’s bordered by Maicao to the south and Riohacha to the southwest.
The Upper Guajira’s landscape is mainly arid, characterized by clay outcroppings and sporadic vegetation like cacti and other drought-tolerant plants. Central to this area is the Serranía de Macuira, which has three significant hills: Macuira, Jarará, and La Teta, each rising 650 meters (2,130 ft) or higher above sea level.
The municipality of Uribia experiences a predominantly arid climate (Köppen BWh). Temperatures usually hover around 30°C (86°F) throughout most days. Even though it receives an average annual rainfall of about 360 millimeters (14 inches), evaporation frequently surpasses rainfall, especially during the traditionally “wetter” months of May, September, October, and November. The consistent heat, coupled with high humidity, creates a noticeably intense atmosphere.
Population
228 675(2023)
198,890(2019)
One photo representative of the city
One of the most significant places in Uribia that holds both cultural and ecological importance is the “Serranía de Macuira” National Natural Park. Located right in the heart of La Guajira desert, this unique park is like an oasis, with a microclimate that supports a variety of flora and fauna contrasting the arid surroundings. The Serranía de Macuira is a small mountain range rising from the desert, and its higher humidity and cooler temperatures have allowed for a rich diversity of life.
This park is not just an ecological wonder but also holds cultural significance as it lies within Wayuu indigenous territory. The Wayuu people consider it a sacred place, and many of their myths and legends are rooted in the landscapes of Macuira.
For visitors, the park offers a unique opportunity to experience a distinct ecosystem within a desert, learn about the Wayuu culture, and explore the striking.
Etymology
The name “Uribia” is believed to be derived in honor of the Colombian Liberal Party leader Rafael Uribe Uribe. Rafael Uribe Uribe was a prominent Colombian lawyer, journalist, and politician in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He played a pivotal role in Colombian politics during tumultuous times, and his influence and leadership were widely recognized. The decision to name the municipality after him was a tribute to his contributions to the nation and his status as a national figure.
However, before its official naming as “Uribia,” the village was known as “Chitki” in the Wayuu language. The Wayuu are the indigenous people of the region and have a rich history and culture that predates colonial influence.
When studying place names (toponyms), it’s always insightful to consider both the historical and cultural contexts to understand the full significance of the name. In the case of Uribia, its naming captures both indigenous and national Colombian histories.
What the city is known or famous for?
Uribia, often regarded as the “Indigenous Capital of Colombia,” is famously known for hosting the vibrant “Festival of the Wayuu Culture.” This annual celebration has cemented Uribia’s reputation as the epicenter of Wayuu cultural expression and preservation.
The Festival of the Wayuu Culture is not just an event; it’s a profound display of the rich traditions, dances, music, and crafts of the indigenous Wayuu people. Every year, from May 31 to June 1, Uribia transforms into a kaleidoscope of colors, sounds, and activities. The festival serves as a platform for the Wayuu community to showcase their cultural heritage, from intricate weaving patterns in their mochilas (traditional bags) to captivating ancestral dances and songs that resonate with stories of their forefathers.
Visitors to the festival are treated to a plethora of experiences. Traditional games, gastronomy, fashion, and artisanal crafts are all on display, offering an immersive dive into the Wayuu way of life. Moreover, the event fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation of the challenges and aspirations of the Wayuu community in contemporary Colombia.
For many travelers and culture enthusiasts, Uribia’s Festival of the Wayuu Culture is a must-visit. It’s not just a celebration; it’s a testament to the resilience, pride, and vibrant spirit of the Wayuu people, making Uribia a city renowned for this significant cultural event.